Characteristic Curves
27 engineering characteristic curves, static SVG pre-rendered, force-displacement, stress distribution, fatigue life
Curve Directory
Force-Deflection Curve (DIN 2093)
Force-deflection relationship for a single disc spring, showing nonlinear stiffness characteristics. Deflection range 0~0.75·h₀, computed via DIN 2093 formula F-DIN2093-001. S-shaped curve with near-linear working range in the middle.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsForce-Deflection Curve (DIN 6796)
Force-deflection curve for DIN 6796 conical spring washers. Low h₀/t ratio (0.28-0.35) yields near-linear behavior; full flattening is the design working point. Computed via F-6796-A002.
DIN6796Torque-Preload Curve (DIN 25201)
Tightening torque vs. preload for DIN 25201 double-stacked lock washers from M3 to M48. Torque grows quadratically (~d³) with bolt diameter, computed at friction coefficient μ=0.12.
DIN25201Force-Deflection with Serration Correction (DIN 9250)
Force-deflection curve for DIN 9250 serrated lock washers with tooth friction correction. Compares force with/without serrations; teeth provide additional locking force. Deflection ratio 0-75% h₀.
DIN9250Force-Deflection Z/M/L Comparison (NFE 25-511)
Force-deflection comparison across NFE 25-511 Type Z/M/L knurling patterns. Type M (medium knurl) is the standard recommendation; Type Z is fine-knurl, Type L is coarse-knurl.
NFE25511Force-Deflection at Elevated Temperature (SSHT)
Force-deflection curve family for stainless steel high-temperature disc springs at 300°C/400°C/500°C. Shows force decay due to elastic modulus degradation, covering Inconel 718 and 17-7PH materials.
Stainless/High-TempStress-Deflection Curve (DIN 2093)
Five key-point stresses (OM, I, II, III, IV) vs. deflection for DIN 2093 disc springs. σ_OM (upper surface outer edge) is max compressive stress; σ_III (lower surface inner edge) is max tensile stress — core reference for fatigue design.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsStress-Deflection Curve (DIN 6796)
Four key-point stresses vs. deflection for DIN 6796 washers. Flattened state (s=h₀) stress is the design check point; σ_OM peaks at this state. Computed via F-6796-B002.
DIN6796Combined Force-Stress Curve (DIN 2093)
Combined force-stress characteristic curve with dual Y-axes: force-deflection and stress-deflection. Allows engineers to simultaneously assess load capacity and stress levels in one view, quickly identifying the safe working range.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsStress Distribution Z/M/L Comparison (NFE 25-511)
Stress distribution comparison across NFE 25-511 Z/M/L types at working deflection. Knurl depth affects local stress concentration; Type L has deepest knurl, highest stress concentration but strongest locking.
NFE25511Tooth Root Stress Distribution (DIN 9250)
Stress distribution at the tooth root of DIN 9250 serrated lock washers. Shows the notch effect (k_serr factor) amplifying local stress — key input for fatigue life prediction.
DIN9250Parallel Stack Stiffness Comparison (DIN 2093)
Force-deflection comparison family for parallel stacking with n=1,2,3,4,5 discs. Parallel stacking multiplies stiffness (k_parallel = n × k_single), but friction causes nonlinear stiffness increase.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsStack Stability — Buckling Critical Load (DIN 2093)
Euler/Johnson buckling critical load vs. total stack height for disc spring stacks. Includes slenderness ratio λ and safety factor n_s. Switches to Euler formula when λ > λ_critical, Johnson parabola when λ < λ_critical.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsForce-Deflection Linearity Analysis (DIN 6796)
Comparison of actual force F(s) vs. ideal linear F=k·s for DIN 6796 washers, quantifying linearity deviation percentage. Low h₀/t ratio (0.28-0.35) ensures linearity deviation < 5%.
DIN6796VDI 2230 Resilience Comparison
VDI 2230 bolt resilience δ_S and clamped parts resilience δ_P vs. bolt diameter d (M6-M48), with load factor Φ = δ_P/(δ_S+δ_P) auxiliary line. Φ determines the proportion of working load transmitted to the bolt.
DIN25201Fatigue Life Contour — Goodman (DIN 2093)
Mubea 6-group fatigue life contour plot (Goodman style), X=σ_min, Y=σ_max, 6 iso-life lines (1e4~2e6 cycles). Based on DIN 2093 standard fatigue data, σ_A ≈ 450 MPa (thin) to 250 MPa (thick).
DIN2093 Disc SpringsFatigue Life Assessment Pipeline (DIN 2093)
Three-step fatigue life pipeline: Step 1 stress amplitude calculation (σ_a from s_min/s_max) → Step 2 fatigue life estimation (S-N curve interpolation) → Step 3 Goodman safety check (mean stress correction + safety factor). Includes final pass/fail judgment.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsFatigue Stress Amplitude Curve (DIN 25201)
Fatigue stress amplitude σ_a vs. bolt size M3-M48 for DIN 25201 bolted joints. σ_A ≈ 60 MPa is the rolled-thread fatigue limit (2×10⁶ cycles), ~30% higher than cut threads.
DIN25201S-N Fatigue Curve — Notch Corrected (DIN 9250)
S-N fatigue curve for DIN 9250 serrated lock washers with tooth-root notch correction k_serr. Compares serrated vs. plain S-N curves; notch reduces fatigue limit by ~15-25%. N=10³~10⁷, log scale.
DIN9250Damage Waterfall — Palmgren-Miner Accumulation (DIN 2093)
Palmgren-Miner linear cumulative damage waterfall chart. Each load level independently computes damage ratio d_i = n_i/N_i; total damage D = Σd_i. D ≥ 1 indicates failure. Supports 5-level variable amplitude loading spectrum.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsEnergy-Deflection Curve (DIN 2093)
Stored elastic energy U vs. deflection for disc springs, U = ∫F(s)ds. Used to evaluate vibration absorption and damping capacity; energy density (energy per unit volume) is a key selection criterion. Computed via F-DIN2093-005.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsCross-Category Energy Bubble Chart
Six-category energy bubble chart: stiffness (k, x-axis) vs. stress (σ_OM, y-axis), bubble size = elastic energy U. One chart for category selection: large top-right = high-stiffness high-stress high-energy; small bottom-left = opposite.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsCampbell Diagram — Natural Frequency vs RPM (DIN 2093)
Campbell diagram showing natural frequency vs. RPM for disc springs, with 1X/2X/3X excitation line intersections (critical speeds). Used to avoid resonance; working RPM should deviate from critical speeds by ±20% or more.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsShock Response Spectrum (DIN 2093)
Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) under half-sine pulse excitation: natural frequency vs. peak acceleration response. Evaluates disc spring shock resistance; peak acceleration amplification factor Q is inversely proportional to damping ratio ζ.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsTemperature Derating — E Modulus vs Temperature (All Categories)
Elastic modulus ratio E(T)/E₀ and yield strength ratio σ(T)/σ₀ vs. temperature (20°C~500°C) for 6 disc spring materials. 51CrV4 decays rapidly above 200°C; Inconel 718 retains >85% at 500°C. Based on material handbook linear interpolation.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsRelaxation T-t Contour (DIN 2093)
Temperature-time iso-relaxation contour plot with 5 lines: force loss 5%/10%/20%/30%/50%. Based on Arrhenius relaxation model; time axis in log scale. Used to predict residual preload after long-term service.
DIN2093 Disc SpringsCross-Category Temperature Derating Comparison
Full cross-category temperature derating comparison: force retention F(T)/F₀ vs. temperature T (20°C~500°C) for DIN2093 / DIN6796 / DIN25201 / DIN9250 / NFE25511 / SSHT. SSHT category shows significant advantage above 300°C.
Stainless/High-Temp