Standard Disc Springs / DIN 2093 Group A

31.5016.301.75*2.45

CENTURY_SPRING model reference: CDM-321618 · CENTURY-DISC-SPRINGS-2014 · locator 17

CHRISTIAN_BAUER model reference: 104 616 · CB-DISC-SPRINGS-0611 · locator 160

MUBEA model reference: 18 0013 · MUBEA-MANUAL-2023 · printed p.64 (PDF p.66)

MUBEA model reference: 18 1013 · MUBEA-MANUAL-2023 · printed p.80 (PDF p.82)

SCHNORR model reference: 010900 · SCHNORR-HANDBOOK-EN · locator 88

SOLON model reference: SDS 31.5x16.3x1.75 · SOLON-BELLEVILLE-CATALOG · locator 51

SPIROL model reference: DSC 31.5 x 16.3 x 1.75 WR · SPIROL-DISC-SPRINGS-2026 · locator 14

Dimensions, standards and downloadable engineering files are generated from published product data.

Made to order

SPECIFICATION

Product data

Open calculator →

Outside diameter De: 31.50 mm
Inside diameter Di: 16.30 mm
Product thickness t: 1.75 mm
Free height l₀: 2.45 mm
Cone height h₀: 0.70 mm
Standard: DIN 2093
Material / surface treatment: 51CrV4 Spring SteelZinc phosphate and oil · Cold presetting / scraggingERP: 31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45-T-H0.70-51CRV4-PHOSPHATE_OIL-PSX10CrNi18-8 / AISI 301 Stainless SteelPlain / natural finish · Cold presetting / scraggingERP: 31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45-T-H0.70-1.4310-PLAIN-PS60Si2MnAZinc phosphate and oil · Cold presetting / scraggingERP: 31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45-T-H0.70-60SI2MNA-PHOSPHATE_OIL-PS
Temperature: -50 – 300 °C

ENGINEERING FILES

CAD / DXF / STEP

Repository CAD · direct download

31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 DXF and DWG engineering drawing preview

Open full drawing preview

DWG31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 DWG CADJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-EN-R10.dwg · 49 KB

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DXF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 DXF CADJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-EN-R10.dxf · 125 KB

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STEP31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 STEP CADJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-R10.step · 21 KB

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STL31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 STL CADJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-R10.stl · 1.6 MB

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DOCUMENT_PDFD31.5 Product Digital Technical DossierPS-DOSSIER-D31.5-CF05-D315-G1-2026.1.pdf · 47 KB

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DXF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 Chinese internal DXF drawingJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-ZH-R01.dxf · 125 KB

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CAD31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 Chinese internal DWG drawingJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-ZH-R01.dwg · 51 KB

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DOCUMENT_PDF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 Chinese internal production drawingJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-ZH-R01.pdf · 127 KB

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DOCUMENT_PDF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 English internal production drawingJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-EN-R01.pdf · 36 KB

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DXF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 English internal DXF drawingJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-EN-R01.dxf · 125 KB

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CAD31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 English internal DWG drawingJH-DS-31.50-16.30-1.75-2.45-P324-EN-R01.dwg · 50 KB

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DOCUMENT_PDF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 Internal Process Sheet (Controlled Draft)D315_R01_zh_internal_process_sheet.pdf · 102 KB

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DOCUMENT_PDF31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45 Internal Process Sheet (Controlled Draft)D315_R01_en_internal_process_sheet.pdf · 47 KB

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ENGINEERING OVERVIEW

Candidate decision overview

Data version 3

GEOMETRY CONTRACT

Conical profile

Bearing surfaces: No
Tolerance grade: See dossier / confirm

Special surface parameters must be reviewed against the released drawing; the profile name alone is not a complete geometry definition.

EVIDENCE COVERAGE

✓Manufacturer curve / stress7✓Polysplendid calculations2✓Resolved standards2✓Inspection dossier1✓Approved product FEM1

A missing FEM record is not evidence of failed validation. It means no approved product-level study is public on this page.

COMBINATION BOUNDARY

Check single disc before stack

Parallel stacks primarily multiply load; series stacks primarily multiply travel. Friction, contact, guidance, preload and manufacturing scatter must be checked separately.

Stack and curves Fatigue / relaxation boundary Calculate this product

DIGITAL TECHNICAL DOSSIER · CF05-D315-G1-2026.1

Product digital technical dossier

6 approved facts

✓ Traceable✓ Calculable✓ Inspection card✓ Member download— Formal FEM / experiment pending

LOCKED IDENTITY

31.5016.301.75*2.45

De 31.50 · Di 16.30 · t 1.75 · l₀ 2.45 · h₀ 0.70 · R 0.292–0.350 mm

This is not a generic statement for every De 31.5 mm spring.

DEFAULT OFFER

51CrV4 Spring Steel

Zinc phosphate and oil · Cold presetting / scragging

31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45-T-H0.70-51CRV4-PHOSPHATE_OIL-PS

INSPECTION COVERAGE

7 numeric acceptance items

Flatness and parallelism remain agreement-controlled until an approved document supplies numeric values.

LOCKED REGRESSION75% h₀ · 3871.169 N100% h₀ · 5035.667 N

Engine AL-GB1972-DIN2092-2026.1. Same complete geometry only.

Travel	s (mm)	Polysplendid A-L	Mubea 18 0013	Difference
25% h₀	0.1750	1391.103	1391	+0.103
50% h₀	0.3500	2668.904	2669	-0.096
75% h₀	0.5250	3871.169	3871	+0.169
100% h₀	0.7000	5035.667	5036	-0.333

INSPECTION CARD

Key product-level limits

Read the full explanation

Outside diameter31.5 mm (-0.25/+0 mm); limits 31.25–31.5 mmResolved

Inside diameter16.3 mm (+0/+0.18 mm); limits 16.3–16.48 mmResolved

Product thickness1.75 mm (-0.12/+0.04 mm); limits 1.63–1.79 mmResolved

Free height2.45 mm (-0.08/+0.15 mm); limits 2.37–2.6 mmResolved

Test load3871 N (-7.5/+15%); limits 3580.675–4451.65 NResolved

Hardness42–52 HRCResolved

Decision FAQ

Is “D31.5” sufficient to identify this product?

No. This dossier is locked to De 31.50, Di 16.30, t 1.75, l₀ 2.45 and h₀ 0.70 mm. Other De 31.5 products remain separate products.

Are 3871 N and 5036 N both delivery acceptance loads?

No. 3871 N is the nominal test load at 75% h₀ with separate inspection limits. 5036 N is the 100% h₀ flat-position calculation/manufacturer point.

Can this disc spring operate continuously at 100% h₀?

The Polysplendid default recommendation is 20%–75% h₀. A 100% condition requires project-specific material, stress, life, friction, guidance, FEM and experimental review.

Does this dossier contain Polysplendid FEM or experiment evidence?

Not yet. No approved formal record is bound to this complete geometry, so development fixtures are deliberately excluded.

Calculate and generate a branded report Download member dossier · 47 KB Quote this locked variant

Download requires a registered account and shares the five-file daily quota. Manufacturer values remain attributed engineering references. No Polysplendid FEM or experiment claim is displayed until an approved formal record is bound to this exact geometry.

CF-07 · PROCESS CARD LIBRARY

Manufacturing process cards

5 material route(s)

Each material and supplied-surface identity has its own database-driven workbook and PNG preview. A review or blocked status is not a production release.

V12913 · R04

1.4310

PLAIN

CONTINUOUS_DIE_FORM+AUSTENITIC_COLD_WORK+NO_SUPPORT_FACE+STRONG_PRESS+PLAIN

Blocked — not for production

Download Excel · 20 kB

V31 · R04

50CrVA

BLACK_OXIDE

CONTINUOUS_DIE_FORM+LOW_ALLOY_QT+NO_SUPPORT_FACE+STRONG_PRESS+BLACK_OXIDE

Blocked — not for production

Download Excel · 20.7 kB

V33 · R04

51CrV4

PHOSPHATE_OIL

CONTINUOUS_DIE_FORM+LOW_ALLOY_QT+NO_SUPPORT_FACE+STRONG_PRESS+PHOSPHATE_OIL

Blocked — not for production

Download Excel · 20.3 kB

V32 · R04

60Si2MnA

BLACK_OXIDE

CONTINUOUS_DIE_FORM+LOW_ALLOY_QT+NO_SUPPORT_FACE+STRONG_PRESS+BLACK_OXIDE

Blocked — not for production

Download Excel · 20.6 kB

V19361 · R04

60Si2MnA

PHOSPHATE_OIL

CONTINUOUS_DIE_FORM+LOW_ALLOY_QT+NO_SUPPORT_FACE+STRONG_PRESS+PHOSPHATE_OIL

Blocked — not for production

Download Excel · 20.6 kB

CF-07 · R01

Manufacturing process capability

Approved public route

This card publishes the approved supply route and quality-control purposes. Current route: Cold presetting / scragging. It does not claim equipment, temperature, time or sampling frequency.

10
Material and batch verification
Verify supplied material, batch identity and traceability.
20
Blanking and forming
Form the coned geometry with rectangular section and rounded R corners.
30
Heat treatment
Establish the material condition and hardness required by the inspection profile.
40
Edge and surface finishing
Control burrs, edge transitions and working-surface condition.
50
Cold presetting / scragging
Apply the presetting, scragging or other route assigned to the approved supply variant.
60
Surface treatment
Establish the surface condition specified by the supply variant.
70
Final inspection
Verify dimensions, load, hardness and applicable requirements against the product inspection profile.
80
Identification, packing and traceability
Maintain traceability among product identity, batch and delivery records.

Publication boundary

The route describes control purposes for the approved supply variant. Confidential equipment identities, temperatures, times, tooling and inspection frequency are not public claims.

Open capability card PDF

APPROVED SOURCE DATA

Manufacturer engineering data

7 traceable datasets

Loads, stresses, thousand-piece weights and curves retain their manufacturer, source version, page/worksheet, material and temperature condition. A catalog value is an engineering reference unless the inspection dossier separately identifies an approved acceptance tolerance.

Century Spring / MW Industries CDM-321618Manufacturer catalog curve

Source: Century Spring Precision Disc Springs / 2014-01
Location: page 17
Material: AISI C1075 or AISI 6150 carbon/alloy steel
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: four_point_curve / loading
1000-piece weight: —

Published source points only; no interpolation.

Point	s/h0	s (mm)	F (N)	σ1 / σII (MPa)	σ2 / σIII (MPa)	σ3 (MPa)	σOM (MPa)
25% h	0.250	0.1778	1,490	421	—	—	—
50% h	0.500	0.3531	2,851	862	—	—	—
75% h	0.750	0.5309	4,137	1,372	—	—	—
100% h	1.000	0.7061	5,378	1,937	—	—	—

Christian Bauer GmbH + Co. KG 104 616Manufacturer workbook calculation

Source: Christian Bauer cb_cV4 Product List / local reference edition
Location: Liste row 115
Material: Not stated in this source table
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: single_point / loading
1000-piece weight: —

Point	s/h0	s (mm)	F (N)	σ1 / σII (MPa)	σ2 / σIII (MPa)	σ3 (MPa)	σOM (MPa)
75% h0	0.750	0.5250	3,905	—	—	—	—

Mubea 18 0013Manufacturer calculation workbook

Source: Disc Spring Calculation Program 032 / 032
Location: Standard row 94
Material: Not stated in this source table
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: four_point_curve / loading
1000-piece weight: 7.839 kg

Published source points only; no interpolation.

Point	s/h0	s (mm)	F (N)	σ1 / σII (MPa)	σ2 / σIII (MPa)	σ3 (MPa)	σOM (MPa)
25% h0	0.250	0.1750	1,391	729	382	399	—
50% h0	0.500	0.3500	2,669	1,408	814	766	—
75% h0	0.750	0.5250	3,871	2,038	1,296	1,102	—
100% h0	1.000	0.7000	5,036	2,619	1,826	1,405	—

Mubea 18 1013Manufacturer catalog calculation

Source: Mubea Disc Springs Manual 2023 EN / 2023
Location: page 82
Material: 1.4310
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: partial_two_point_curve / loading
1000-piece weight: —

Published source points only; no interpolation.

Point	s/h0	s (mm)	F (N)	σ1 / σII (MPa)	σ2 / σIII (MPa)	σ3 (MPa)	σOM (MPa)
25% h0	0.250	0.1750	1,283	672	353	368	—
50% h0	0.500	0.3500	2,462	1,299	751	707	—

SCHNORR GmbH 010900Manufacturer catalog summary

Source: Schnorr Disc Springs Handbook / source copy in project archive
Location: page 88
Material: Not stated in this source table
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: summary_only / loading
1000-piece weight: 7.546 kg

This source table publishes a summary (weight and/or σOM) but no displacement-load points; no curve has been invented.

Solon Manufacturing Co. SDS 31.5x16.3x1.75Manufacturer catalog point

Source: Solon Belleville Springs Washer Catalog / local reference edition
Location: page 51
Material: 50CrV4 (AISI 6150 equivalent)
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: single_point / loading
1000-piece weight: —

Point	s/h0	s (mm)	F (N)	σ1 / σII (MPa)	σ2 / σIII (MPa)	σ3 (MPa)	σOM (MPa)
catalog listed operating point	1.016	0.7110	5,036	—	—	—	—

SPIROL International Corporation DSC 31.5 x 16.3 x 1.75 WRManufacturer design calculation

Source: SPIROL Disc Springs / 2026
Location: page 14
Material: Alloy Steel
Temperature: Not stated - not assumed
Curve scope: five_point_curve / loading
1000-piece weight: —

Published source points only; no interpolation.

Point	s/h0	s (mm)	F (N)	σ1 / σII (MPa)	σ2 / σIII (MPa)	σ3 (MPa)	σOM (MPa)
15% h0 preload	0.157	0.1100	850	223	243	—	—
25% h0	0.257	0.1800	1,391	382	399	—	—
50% h0	0.500	0.3500	2,669	814	766	—	—
75% h0	0.757	0.5300	3,871	1,296	1,102	—	—
100% h0 / flat	1.000	0.7000	5,036	—	—	—	-1,570

STANDARD DOSSIER

Resolved standard requirements

35 resolved items

PS/DS-G01-2026Polysplendid disc-spring engineering recommendations (non-mandatory)

Series A · Group 2 · without bearing surfaces

ProductRecommended edge-radius range (enterprise drawing rule)

t产品 / 6 ≤ R ≤ t产品 / 5；product limits 0.291667–0.35 mm；product recommendation 0.291667 mm；Use actual product thickness: t for plain T products and t-prime for reduced TP products. CAD defaults to the lower bound while drawings expose the full recommended range.

Disc Spring Contact Surfaces · Machinery's Handbook 31st, p.390（厂商经验转述）

ProductPolysplendid default working-deflection range

0.2–0.75 h0；product limits 0.14–0.525 mm

聚辉推荐 DS-G01 · Mubea 2023 manual PDF 27；SPIROL deflection-range white paper

ProductNormal parallel-stack count recommendation

1–4

3.10 Spring stack design · Mubea Disc Springs Manual 2023, PDF 24

ProductSeries-stack limit for standard fatigue-chart evidence

See requirement data

10.2.2 · DIN EN 16983 page 18（PDF 20）

ProcessGuidance and stack lubrication

按温度、介质和寿命选择油、脂、含二硫化钼膏或固体润滑；不得把未润滑摩擦忽略

guidance / lubrication / friction · Mubea 2023 manual PDF 25, 28～31；Christian Bauer theory PDF 17

ProductGuidance preference

优先内导柱；空间或结构要求时使用外导套；低迟滞需求评估自定心结构

C.1 / 3.10 · GB/T 1972.2 附录 C；Mubea 2023 manual PDF 24～25

ProductGeometry triggers for enhanced analysis

De/Di=1.932515，De/t=18，within simplified-geometry range

3.9 Special cases · Mubea Disc Springs Manual 2023, PDF 21

DIN EN 16983:2017-09Disc springs — Quality specifications — Dimensions

Series A · Group 2 · without bearing surfaces

ProductDisc spring group 2

Table 2 · EN 16983 pages 6～7（PDF 8～9）

ProductDimension series A

Table 3 · EN 16983 pages 6～7（PDF 8～9）

ProductStandard spring steel requirement

EN 10083 / EN 10089 / EN 10132-4 MPa

5 · EN 16983 page 7（PDF 9）

ProcessGroup 2 manufacturing and surface finish

冲压/精冲、冷成形、内外径加工、边缘倒圆

Table 7 · EN 16983 page 11（PDF 13）

ProductThickness tolerance

deviation -0.12 / +0.04 mm；product limits 1.63–1.79 mm

Table 8 · EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）

ProductOutside diameter h12 tolerance

deviation -0.25 / 0 mm；product limits 31.25–31.5 mm；h12

8.1 / ISO 286-2 · EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）

ProductInside diameter H12 tolerance

deviation 0 / +0.18 mm；product limits 16.3–16.48 mm；H12

8.1 / ISO 286-2 · EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）

ProductFree-height tolerance

deviation -0.08 / +0.15 mm；product limits 2.37–2.6 mm

Table 9 · EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）

ProductTest-load tolerance

deviation -7.5 / +15 %；test position 0.75 h0

Table 10 · EN 16983 pages 13～14（PDF 15～16）

ProductCoaxiality tolerance

0.32 mm；2 × IT11

8.1 / ISO 286-2 · EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）

InspectionGroup 2 / series A minimum unloading-force ratio

See requirement data

Table 11 · EN 16983 page 15（PDF 17）

ProductGroup 2 hardness

42–52 HRC

7.2 · EN 16983 page 11（PDF 13）

ProductRecommended total clearance for guide pin

0.3 mm；recommended guide pin diameter 16 mm

Table 12 · EN 16983 page 15（PDF 17）

ProductRecommended total clearance for guide sleeve

0.5 mm；recommended guide sleeve bore 32 mm

Table 12 · EN 16983 page 15（PDF 17）

ProductGuide component surface requirement

See requirement data

12 · EN 16983 section 12, page 21（PDF 23）

ProcessPresetting

2 × test load；压至平位后复核自由高度与检测负荷

7.4 / 8.4.2 · EN 16983 pages 12, 14（PDF 14, 16）

ProcessSurface quality and edges

无影响性能的斑疤、裂纹、锈蚀；边缘倒圆或去毛刺

7.5 · EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）

ProcessSurface treatment and corrosion protection

phosphated and oiled

7.5 · EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）

ProcessShot peening

recommended for dynamic duty where fatigue-life improvement is required；process agreement required

10.2.2 · EN 16983 page 20（PDF 22）

InspectionDecarburization depth

product maximum depth 0.0525 mm

7.2 · EN 16983 page 11（PDF 13）

ProductStatic calculated stress limit

See requirement data

10.1 · EN 16983 page 17（PDF 19）

ProductMinimum preload for dynamic duty

0.15–0.2 h0；product limits 0.105–0.14 mm

10.2.1 · EN 16983 page 18（PDF 20）

ProductRelaxation and operating-temperature note

Consult the manufacturer above 100 °C for material, stress and relaxation requirements

9 / Figures 3–4 · EN 16983 page 17（PDF 19）

InspectionTest-load method

test position 0.75 h0；硬化、磨削并抛光的压盘；使用适合润滑剂

8.4.1 · EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）

InspectionDimensional inspection method

按标准约定的量具、压盘及测量条件执行

8 · EN 16983 pages 13～14（PDF 15～16）

InspectionHardness test method and location

See requirement data

11.3 · EN 16983 page 21（PDF 23）

BatchBatch sampling and acceptance

Acceptance inspection according to EN ISO 3269 where applicable

2 · EN 16983 pages 11～18（PDF 13～20）

PackagingMarking, packaging and storage

Contract and product documentation requirements apply

contract · EN 16983 pages 11～18（PDF 13～20）

INSPECTION DOSSIER

Product inspection requirements

7 acceptance limits

Data boundary: 平面度没有标准通用数值，等待图纸/工艺卡/供需协议覆盖; 平行度没有标准通用数值，等待图纸/工艺卡/供需协议覆盖

Characteristic	Requirement / limits	Status	Source
Outside diameterD / De	31.5 mm (-0.25/+0 mm); limits 31.25–31.5 mmThe standard rule has been resolved for this specific product.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）
Inside diameterd / Di	16.3 mm (+0/+0.18 mm); limits 16.3–16.48 mmThe standard rule has been resolved for this specific product.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）
Product thicknesst / t′	1.75 mm (-0.12/+0.04 mm); limits 1.63–1.79 mmThe standard rule has been resolved for this specific product.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）
Free heightH0 / l₀	2.45 mm (-0.08/+0.15 mm); limits 2.37–2.6 mmThe standard rule has been resolved for this specific product.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）
Cone heighth0 / h₀	0.7 mm (-0.12/+0.27 mm); limits 0.58–0.97 mmWorst-case envelope derived from free-height and plain product thickness t tolerances; it is a reference, not an independent standard h0 acceptance tolerance.	Derived reference	DIN-EN-16983-2017-09EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）; EN 16983 page 13（PDF 15）
Coaxiality—	≤ 0.32 mmThe standard rule has been resolved for this specific product.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 page 12（PDF 14）
Flatness—	Set by approved drawing, process card or supply agreementThe standard does not provide a universal independent numeric tolerance; an approved drawing, process card or supply agreement must provide the acceptance value.	Agreement required	POLYSPLENDID-INSPECTION-POLICY-2026-08Task 121 标准原文核对结论
Parallelism—	Set by approved drawing, process card or supply agreementThe standard does not provide a universal independent numeric tolerance; an approved drawing, process card or supply agreement must provide the acceptance value.	Agreement required	POLYSPLENDID-INSPECTION-POLICY-2026-08Task 121 标准原文核对结论
Test loadFt	3871 N (-7.5/+15%); limits 3580.675–4451.65 NThe nominal test load comes from the current published standard, manufacturer, or engineering dataset; limits use the applicable DIN EN 16983 percentage tolerance.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 pages 13～14（PDF 15～16）
Hardness—	42–52 HRCThe standard rule has been resolved for this specific product.	Resolved	DIN EN 16983:2017-09EN 16983 page 11（PDF 13）

Where cone-height limits are shown, they are derived references only. Flatness and parallelism become acceptance criteria only after an approved drawing, process card or supply agreement supplies numeric values.

VERIFICATION

FEM and experimental validation

All studies

D31.5 disc spring A-L/FEM correlation

The D31.5 R0.25 axisymmetric contact model differs from A-L by approximately +1.57% at 75% travel.

ENGINEERING SERVICE

Review this specification for your application

Request a quote →

31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45

Product data

CAD / DXF / STEP

Candidate decision overview

Conical profile

Check single disc before stack

Product digital technical dossier

31.50*16.30*1.75*2.45

51CrV4 Spring Steel

7 numeric acceptance items

Key product-level limits

Decision FAQ

Manufacturing process cards

1.4310

50CrVA

51CrV4

60Si2MnA

60Si2MnA

Manufacturing process capability

Material and batch verification

Blanking and forming

Heat treatment

Edge and surface finishing

Cold presetting / scragging

Surface treatment

Final inspection

Identification, packing and traceability

Manufacturer engineering data

Resolved standard requirements

Product inspection requirements

FEM and experimental validation

D31.5 disc spring A-L/FEM correlation

Review this specification for your application

31.5016.301.75*2.45

31.5016.301.75*2.45